THe following anti-HIV drugs are known to
cause
“Hypersensitivity
Reactions”
THe following anti-HIV drugs are known to
cause
“Hypersensitivity
Reactions”
Hypersentitivity
refers to excessive, undesirable (damaging,
discomfort-producing and sometimes fatal) reactions produced by the normal
immune system:
Hypersensitivity reactions can be divided
into four types: type I, type II, type III and type IV, based on the mechanisms
involved and time taken for the reaction.
Toxic
Epidermal Necrolysis
The condition may involve more than one of
the following reactions:
Type I Hypersensitivity can cause the
following diseases including cold and stomach flu symptoms within minutes to a
few hours of drug use.
Urticaria
Eczema
Conjunctivitis
Runny
Nose (rhinorrhea)
Asthma
Type II Hypersensitivity (cytotoxic
hypersensitivity) may cause hemolytic anemia, bone marrow suppression
(granulocytopenia), blood platelet suppression (thrombocytopenia),
Bleeding
in the lungs (Goodpasture’s nephritis)
Type III Hypersensitivity reactions may
involve individual organs including skin (e.g., systemic lupus, erythematosus, Arthus reaction), kidneys
(e.g., lupus nephritis), lungs (e.g., aspergillosis), blood vessels (e.g.,
polyarteritis), joints (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) or other organs. This
reaction may be the pathogenic mechanism of diseases caused by many
microorganisms.
Erythematosus
Erythematous Skin Lesion
Type IV Hypersensitivity is also known as
cell mediated or delayed type hypersensitivity. The classical example of this
hypersensitivity is tuberculin (Montoux) reaction (figure 5) which peaks 48 hours
after the injection of antigen (PPD or old tuberculin). The lesion is
characterized by induration and erythema.
Tuberculin
(Montoux) Reaction
Induration
Erythema
